This manual documents local decisions of the Beinecke Library for cataloging single manuscripts consisting of music notation, coded as record type d (manuscript music) in Yale’s online catalog. This manual conforms to instructions for single items in Yale University Library’s Manuscript Cataloging Guidelines [1] and the Beinecke Manuscript Cataloging Manual [2]. Consult these first, and refer to this manual for decisions about options, local practice, and additional descriptive detail specific to manuscript notated music. See also Music Cataloging at Yale [3] for the Irving S. Gilmore Music Library’s local procedures for description, access points, and MARC coding.
The original version of this manual, created in 2000, was based on the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2nd edition (AACR2). In 2021 it was revised in conformance with Descriptive Cataloging of Rare Materials (Music) (DCRMM) [4], Library of Congress MARC fields for controlled vocabulary [5] were added (336, 337, 338, 348, 380, and 382), and Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms (LCGFT) [6] for types of composition were implemented (655).
Use this manual only for single items requiring subject and form/genre access points. Items relating to music that do not require these access points, such as notated music fragments, correspondence, or photographs, may be added to the General Manuscript Music Miscellany (call number Gen Mss Music Misc). Before 2021, some music manuscripts cataloged in Voyager were also listed in the General Manuscript Music Miscellany.
For collections of notated music, use Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS) [7] and Guidelines for Archival Description of Notated Music, A Supplement to Describing Archives: A Content Standard [8]. For Beinecke Library local procedures, see the Library’s Processing Manual>Chapter 5. Special Formats>Section 5.7. Music. [9]
Last updated by Karen Spicher in August 2021.
Creation of full-level records typically requires reading knowledge of music notation, and may require additional knowledge of music history and performance practice. When appropriate, consult a music cataloger for assistance with reading music notation or with descriptive issues such as identifying types of composition, notation formats, and preferred work titles.
Preferred work titles: search name/title records in the Library of Congress National Authority File (LCNAF). If not found, consult works list appended to biographical articles in Oxford Music Online [10], or other authoritative works lists (see Appendix F. Reference Sources [11]).
Biographical notes: prefer Oxford Music Online [10] or other authoritative sources (see Appendix F. Reference Sources [11]).
Manuscript notated music dated 1600-1800: some materials held by the Beinecke Library have been described in detail in Répertoire International des Sources Musicales (RISM)’s online catalog [12]. Consult these descriptions for supplied composer identification, preferred work titles, and dates.
A template for General Collection cataloging is located in: J/ mssunit/voyager templates/cataloging/bib templates/dcrmm. File name: bibgen_dcrmm.tem. This template may be edited for use in other curatorial areas.
In addition to fields required for all single manuscript records, the following are required for manuscript notated music. See field definitions for more information.
Required for all records:
Required when applicable:
Be sure records are complete before exporting to Backstage for authority control, which automatically queues records for subsequent export to Oclc. After initial export, re-exported type d records do not overlay existing description in Oclc. If necessary, contact the Cataloging Coordinator about deletion of obsolete records from Oclc.
Items formerly listed in General Manuscript Music Miscellany by group number have the following nonpublic note:
‡x Formerly GEN MSS MUSIC MISC Group [number] [name] [folder or volume] [number]; bein, ms [m]/[yy].
Name/title authority records: prefer works list appended to biographical articles in Oxford Music Online [10], or other authoritative works lists (see Appendix F. Reference Sources [26]).
Leader:
008:
Literary text for sound recording 1 and 2
d manuscript notated music
[blank] unknown or not specified
[blank] no accompanying matter
Also describe accompanying material in 520 [27] or 500 [15].
n not applicable [for both fields]
1st:
2 plate number (Orbis displays 028)
3 publisher number (Orbis does not display 028)
2nd:
0 No note; no added entry
2 Note; no added entry
However, regardless of indicator 2 value, Orbis display is mapped to first indicator.
‡a Number
‡b Source
028 20 ‡a E.M.S. 8819 ‡b Editions Maurice Senart
100 1_ ‡‡a Honegger, Arthur, ‡d 1892-1955.
240 10 ‡a Jeanne d’Arc au bûcher. ‡s Vocal score
245 10 ‡a Jeanne d’Arc au bûcher / ‡c Arthur Honegger ; poème de Paul Claudel.
520 __ ‡a Printed vocal score (Paris: Editions Maurice Senart, c1939), with manuscript annotations, possibly by Ida Rubinstein.
OPAC display:
Plate number: E.M.S. 8819 Editions Maurice Senart
Required field.
Use the following codes:
040 __ ‡a CtY-BR ‡b eng ‡c CtY-BR ‡e dcrmm ‡e rda
Repeat subfields for each language code.
041 1 ‡a eng ‡a ger
Vocal text in English and German..
041 1 ‡a eng ‡a fre ‡a ger ‡h ita
Vocal texts in English, French, and German, all translated from Italian.
041 0 ‡g eng ‡h ger ‡g ger
Accompanying material in English and German; English material is translated from German.
100 1_ ‡a Walton, William, ‡d 1902-1983, ‡e composer.
100 1_ ‡a Walton, William, ‡d 1902-1983, ‡e composer, ‡e arranger of music.
254 (Musical presentation statement)
264 (Place and date of production)
240 __ ‡a Sinfonia concertante, ‡m piano, orchestra
240 __ ‡a Rantzau. ‡p Sol che il sole risplenda
[opera excerpt; title from first line of text]
240 __ ‡a Roma. ‡p Tout homme dans Rome nous fuit et la ville servile toujours ob eit
[opera excerpt; title from first line of text]
240 10 ‡a Rantzau. ‡p Sol che il sole risplenda
245 10 ‡a [Sol che il sole risplenda].
500 __ ‡a Title from first line of text.
(opera excerpt)
245 10 ‡a Luisa Miller : ‡b melodramma tragico in tre atti / ‡c sinfonia musica del Sigr. Mo. Guiseppe Verdi.
245 10 ‡a Sinfonia concertante for orchestra with pianoforte (quasi obbligato) / ‡c by William Walton.
245 10 ‡a Coups de roulis / ‡c Albert Willemetz ; Andre Messager.
245 00 ‡a Raccolta di canzoni ed arie nazionali napolitane e balli popolari : ‡b per pianoforte.
245 10 ‡a Marina : ‡b melodramma in un atto / ‡c di Umberto Giordano.
Use only for notated music.
Repeatable: no
Indexed: Keyword
Orbis public display constant: Edition
Punctuation: ends with a period.
Transcribe a statement of the physical presentation of notated music such as “Miniature score” or “Score and set of parts.” Do not use this field for a statement that implies an arrangement of the work, such as “Piano score” or “Vocal score.” Consider these statements of responsibility (245 ‡c), even if no arranger is identified by name.
First: none
Second: none.
‡a Musical presentation statement
Required:
‡a Place of production
‡c Date of production
Subfield ‡a:
Subfield ‡c:
Optionally make 520 or 500 notes to record:
33x (Content, media, and carrier type)
300 __ ‡a 1 manuscript vocal score ([126] p.) ; ‡c 31 cm.
300 __ ‡a 1 manuscript score (33 p.) + 1 ms. part (8 p.) ; ‡c 35 cm.
300 __ ‡a 1 volume of manuscript music ([52] pages)
300 __ ‡a 1 volume of manuscript music (circa 20 leaves) ; ‡c 11 x 16 cm
Use the following standard terms:
336 __ ‡a notated music ‡2 rdacontent
337 __ ‡a unmediated ‡2 rdamedia
338 __ ‡a volume ‡2 rdacarrier
Or:
338 __ ‡a sheet ‡2 rdacarrier
First: none
Second: none.
‡a Format of notated music (repeatable)
‡2 Source of term in ‡a
348 __ ‡a score ‡2 rdafnm
348 __ ‡a part ‡2 rdafnm
348 __ ‡a score ‡a part ‡2 rdafnm
348 __ ‡a vocal score ‡2 rdafnm
1st
_ no information provided
0 medium of performance
1 partial medium of performance
2nd
0 not intended for access
1 intended for access [field is intended to be indexed]
‡a medium of performance
‡b soloist
‡d doubling instrument
‡e number of ensembles of the same type named in the preceding subfield.
‡n number of performers of the same medium named in the preceding subfield.
‡p alternative medium of performance
‡r total number of soloists (when performing with ensembles).
‡s total number of performers.
‡t total number of ensembles.
‡v optional free-text note
‡2 source of term in ‡a. Use lcmpt
Field order:
Omit:
382 _1 ‡a lute ‡n 1 ‡s 1 ‡2 lcmpt
382 _1 ‡a high voice ‡n 1 ‡a tenor voice ‡n 1 ‡s 2 ‡2 lcmpt
382 _1 ‡a medium voice ‡n 1 ‡a piano ‡n 1 ‡s 2 ‡2 lcmpt
382 _1 ‡a cello ‡n 1 ‡a piano ‡n 1 ‡s 2 ‡2 lcmpt
382 _1 ‡a orchestra ‡e 1 ‡t 1 ‡2 lcmpt
382 _1 ‡b piano ‡n 1 ‡a orchestra ‡e 1 ‡r 1 ‡t 1 ‡2 lcmpt
545 (Biographical or historical note)
500 __ ‡a Title devised by cataloger.
500 __ ‡a Title from [source].
500 __ ‡a Place of creation supplied by cataloger.
500 __ ‡a Date of creation supplied by cataloger.
Publisher number recorded in 028 [18].
028 30 ‡a 11500 ‡b Edition Peters
500 __ ‡a Publisher number: Edition Peters 11500.
Materials housed in two or more containers: include a count of containers in parentheses at the end of 300 ‡c [41] or in a 500 note.
500 __ ‡a Stored in 2 containers.
Place in transcribed form.
Date in transcribed form.
500 __ ‡a Places of creation on versos: “San Fran, Calif” and “Las Veg, Nev”.
500 __ ‡a Date of creation in caption: Sept 12-16, 75.
Composer’s signature.
Date and/or place of composition in standard form.
500 __ ‡a Signed at end, 1820, Paris.
500 __ ‡a Dated at end, 1900, New York City.
Generally record in the following order.
If not already clear from the title:
Always include, when applicable:
Score, holograph, with corrections and conductor’s annotations. The score varies from the first published edition and is apparently an earlier version of the work. Accompanied by a fragment of score paper with Walton’s name and the Sitwells’ London address, written by Walton in holograph.
Score of Satie’s nine recitatives, holograph, with corrections by Satie and brief annotations written by dancer Serge Lifar and in unidentified hands. Appended are a transposition of Gounod’s quintet from act three, written in holograph by Georges Auric, and a vocal score of the final octet, written in an unidentified hand, possibly that of Edouard Flament. Laid in are a text of the quintet, typescript, and an excerpt in vocal score showing the transition to the final scene, written in holograph by Satie.
Vocal score, holograph, with corrections by Messager and printer’s annotations for publication by Editions Salabert. Sections are numbered and paged separately; number twelve is not present. Accompanied by two documents identifying the score as Messager’s holograph, signed by his granddaughter Jacqueline Dumore-Messager, 1971 May 23 and undated.
Volume of untitled pieces for piano, written in manuscript by an unidentified composer or copyist, most with song texts included.
Score of the final scene of I Rantzau, holograph with corrections, signed and dated at Milan, 1894 Nov 1. The score varies from the version published in 1892 and apparently is a revision of the scene. Appended is an inscription to Arturo Pirani, Milan, 1894 Nov 2.
Vocal score, holograph, with corrections and revisions.
Score in two volumes, written in manuscript in the hands of several copyists, with text in Italian and German translation. Annotations on the title page of each act list performances in Italian cities, including Alba, 1882; Alessandria, 1851; Bari, 1877-1878; Bergamo, 1851 and 1885-1886; Brescia, 1887; Verdi’s Busseto estate, 1890; Casale Monferrato, 1878; Fabriano, n.d.; Faenza, n.d.; Fano, 1877-1878; Fiume, n.d.; Genoa, 1850 and 1889; Gorizia, 1889;Ê Mantua, 1878 and 1887; Milan, 1881; Padua, 1879-1880; Parma, n.d.; Pistoia, 1890; Reggio, 1851 and 1883; Riva, 1878; Rome, 1885 and n.d.; Rovigo, 1850; San Remo, 1880-1881; Turin, n.d.; Vercelli, 1851-1852; Vicenza, 1888; and Zara, 1852 and n.d. Stamps on title pages and throughout each act indicate that the score was rented through the Leipzig office of Verdi’s publisher Ricordi, apparently during a German revival of the opera in the 1920s.Ê Blank pages following each act are stamped 1929.Ê Part of act two and missing fragments of a few other pages have been replaced by later copyists. Metronome markings, cuts, and other performance annotations appear thoughout the score. The title page of act one is signed by conductor Leopoldo Mugnone.
Song, holograph, with dedication to Adeline Palianti.
Songs, holograph, dated 1862 Aug 25 and 26, with a fragment of an unidentified song on the recto of the first page, dated [1862] Aug 23.
Incidental music, holograph, with printer’s annotations, inscribed to Paul Ginisty, Theatre de lÕOdeon, 1904.
Song, version for soprano or tenor, published by Heugel (Paris, c1892). The cover is inscribed by Massenet to “Mademoiselle Van Hoot,” Festival de Namur, 1894.
Song cycle, holograph, with corrections, and revisions by Massent and printer’s annotations for publication by Georges Hartmann. Songs are dated 1881 Jul-Sep, with revisions, 1881 Sep, and an inscription to Madame Joseph Michel, 1883 Feb.
Song, holograph, with dedication to Frank [Tirot?].
Fragment from Massenet’s opera Roma, holograph. The fragment is signed by his daughter Juliette Massenet, 1913 May, and accompanied by an ALS from her to “Monsieur,” enclosing the music in response to a request for her father’s holograph, Paris, May 10, 1913.
Enter separate 546 fields for form of notation and language, in that order.
546 __ ‡b Staff notation; ‡b Tablature.
600/610 (Subject added entry - personal and corporate name)
650 (Subject added entry - topical term)
600 10 ‡a Hugo, Victor, ‡d 1802-1885 ‡v Musical settings.
(song with poem by Hugo as text)
600 10 ‡a Sitwell, Edith, ‡c Dame, ‡d 1887-1964 ‡v Songs and music.
(work dedicated to Sitwell)
600 10 ‡a Diaghilev, Serge, ‡d 1872-1929.
(annotations by Diaghilev)
610 20 ‡a Editions Salabert.
(publisher of printed proof)
610 20 ‡a Ricordi (Firm)
(publisher of printer’s manuscript)
650 _0 ‡a Piano with orchestra ‡v Scores.
650 _0 ‡a Operas ‡v Excerpts ‡v Scores.
650 _0 ‡a Operas ‡v Vocal scores with piano.
650 _0 ‡a Dance music ‡z Italy.
650 _0 ‡a Piano music.
650 _0 ‡a Songs, Italian.
650 _0 ‡a Songbooks, English ‡z United States.
650 _0 ‡a Songs, English ‡z Scotland.
650 _0 ‡a Hymns, English ‡z England.
655 _7 ‡a Arrangements (Music) ‡2 lcgft
655 _7 ‡a Art music. ‡2 lcgft
655 _7 ‡a Sonatas. ‡2 lcgft
655 _7 ‡a Songs. ‡2 lcgft
655 _7 ‡a Chamber music. ‡2 lcgft
655 _7 ‡a Scores. ‡2 lcgft
655 _7 ‡a Vocal scores. ‡2 lcgft
655 _7 ‡a Parts (Music) ‡2 lcgft
655 _7 ‡a Proofs (printed matter) ‡2 aat
700 12 ‡i Libretto based on Le medecin malgre lui: ‡a Moliere, ‡d 1622-1673 ‡t Medecin malgre lui.
(opera with libretto based on a work by Moliere)
700 12 ‡a Coppée, François, ‡d 1842-1908. ‡t Passant.
(opera with libretto by Coppée; title of opera different than title of novel)
700 12 ‡a Menasci, Guido.
(opera with libretto by Manasci)
700 12 ‡a Gounod, Charles, ‡d 1818-1893. ‡t Medecin malgre lui; ‡o arranged.
(recitatives added to Gounod’s opera by Satie)
856 42 ‡3 View a description in RISM (Repertoire international des sources musicales) ‡u https:// opac.rism.info/search?id=[rismnumber]&View=rism
856 42 ‡3 View a description in RISM (Repertoire international des sources musicales) ‡u https://opac.rism.info/search?id=900007923&View=rism [52]
RISM record: https://opac.rism.info/search?id=900007923&View=rism [52]
856 42 ‡3 View a description in RISM (Repertoire international des sources musicales) ‡u https://opac.rism.info/search?View=rism&callno=gen+mss+23 [53]
RISM record: https://opac.rism.info/search?View=rism&callno=gen+mss+23 [53]
No additional procedures.
Composer biographies and works lists:
Browse LC call numbers:
245 00 ‡a [Lute music].
264 _0 ‡a [Switzerland?], ‡c [circa 1550-1575]
Full record: http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/14604660 [62]
245 00 ‡a Dunque a l’eccelse imprese di Leopoldo inuitto solo s’impugnerá uirile il brando?
264 _0 ‡a Vienna, Austria?, ‡c circa 1688-1690.
Full record: http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/15587159 [63]
100 1_ ‡a Miles, Susanna, ‡d active 1759, ‡e compiler.
245 10 ‡a Susanna Miles her singing book.
Full record: http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/13883417 [64]
100 1_ ‡a Fauré, Gabriel, ‡d 1845-1924, ‡e composer.
240 10 ‡a Sonatas, ‡m cello, piano, ‡n no. 1, op. 109, ‡r D minor
245 10 ‡a Sonate pour piano et violoncelle, op. 109 / ‡c Gabriel Faure.
264_0 ‡a [Paris, France], ‡c [1917 October 25]
Full record: http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/6747916 [65]
100 1_ ‡a Giordano, Umberto, ‡d 1867-1948, ‡e composer.
240 10 ‡a Marina. ‡s Vocal score
245 10 ‡a Marina : ‡b melodramma in un atto / ‡c di Umberto Giordano.
264_0 ‡a [Place not identified], ‡c [circa 1889]
Full record: http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/4746720 [66]
100 1_ ‡a Massenet, Jules, ‡d 1842-1912, ‡e composer.
245 10 ‡a Ecoute-moi Madeleine! : ‡b ballade de Victor Hugo : pour contralto / ‡c par Jules Massenet.
264_0 ‡a [Place not identified], ‡c [1860s?]
Full record: http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/7076733 [67]
100 1_ ‡a Massenet, Jules, ‡d 1842-1912, ‡e composer.
245 10 ‡a Poëme d’un soir / ‡c George Vanor ; J. Massenet.
264_0 ‡a [Place not identified], ‡c [1895 March]
Full record: http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/7077079 [68]
100 1_ ‡a Pierné, Gabriel, ‡d 1863-1937, ‡e composer. Satie
240 10 ‡a Intermezzo, ‡m orchestra, ‡r A major
245 10 ‡a Intermezzo / ‡c Gabriel Pierné.
264_0 ‡a [Place not identified], ‡c [1883].
Full record: http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/9330670 [69]
100 1_ ‡a Satie, Erik, ‡d 1866-1925, ‡e composer.
245 10 ‡a Scènes nouvelles for Le médecin malgré lui by Charles Gounod.
264_0 ‡a [Place not identified], ‡c [1923]
Full record: http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/4722612 [70]
100 1_ ‡a Walton, William, ‡d 1902-1983, ‡e composer.
240 10 ‡a Sinfonia concertante, ‡m piano, orchestra
245 10 ‡a Sinfonia concertante for orchestra with pianoforte (quasi obbligato) / ‡c by William Walton.
264_0 ‡a [London, England?], ‡c [circa 1927]
Full record: http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/4642559 [71]
100 1_ ‡a Wolf-Ferrari, Ermanno, ‡d 1876-1948, ‡e composer.
240 10 ‡a Chiese di Venezia
245 10 ‡a [Fragments and drafts for Chiese di Venezia].
264_0 ‡a [Place not identified], ‡c 1947-[circa 1948].
Full record: http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/9726000 [72]
Links
[1] http://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/manuscript
[2] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/
[3] https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music
[4] http://rbms.info/dcrm/dcrmm/
[5] https://www.loc.gov/marc/
[6] https://id.loc.gov/authorities/genreForms.html
[7] https://www2.archivists.org/groups/technical-subcommittee-on-describing-archives-a-content-standard-dacs/describing-archives-a-content-standard-dacs-second-
[8] https://hcommons.org/deposits/item/hc:30393/
[9] https://msu-processing-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/57-notated-music
[10] http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/13046061
[11] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/appendices-2#
[12] https://opac.rism.info/index.php?id=4
[13] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/2xx-2#264
[14] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/3xx-1#348
[15] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/5xx-2#500
[16] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/5xx-2#546
[17] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/6xx-1#655
[18] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/0xx-2#028
[19] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/2xx-2#240
[20] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/2xx-2#254
[21] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/3xx-1#382
[22] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/6xx-1#650
[23] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/6xx-1#656
[24] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/7xx-2
[25] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/856
[26] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/appendices-2
[27] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/5xx-2#520
[28] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/0xx-2#041
[29] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/5xx-2
[30] http://www.loc.gov/marc/relators/relaterm.html
[31] https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/prefvariantname
[32] https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/preferred-titles
[33] http://cmc.blog.musiclibraryassoc.org/types-of-composition-for-use-in-authorized-access-points-for-music-a-manual-for-use-with-rda/
[34] https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/246field
[35] https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/extent#3.4.3
[36] http://www.rdaregistry.info/termList/formatNoteMus/
[37] https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/MARC348
[38] https://loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeLCMPT/freelcmpt.html
[39] https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/MARC382
[40] http://cmc.blog.musiclibraryassoc.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2020/04/BestPracticesforUsingLCMPT_1.41_20200331.pdf
[41] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/3xx-1#300
[42] https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/content#7.13
[43] http://cmc.blog.musiclibraryassoc.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2019/07/BestPracticesforUsingLCGFT_Music_1.2_20190708_revURLs.pdf
[44] https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/subject-cataloging
[45] https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/MARC655
[46] https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/lcgft
[47] https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/relationshipdesgi
[48] https://msu-cataloging-manual.beinecke.library.yale.edu/6xx-1#600/610
[49] https://opac.rism.info/main-menu-/kachelmenu
[50] https://opac.rism.info/index.php?id=8&L=0#c49
[51] http://www.rism.info/en/organisation/rism-for-libraries.html#c3947
[52] https://opac.rism.info/search?id=900007923&View=rism
[53] https://opac.rism.info/search?View=rism&callno=gen+mss+23
[54] https://www.musiclibraryassoc.org/members/group.aspx?id=120372
[55] http://cmc.blog.musiclibraryassoc.org/
[56] https://www.mgg-online.com/
[57] http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/15196356
[58] https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/musical-biographical-resources-on-the-web
[59] https://authorities.loc.gov/
[60] https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names.html
[61] http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/11947666
[62] http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/14604660
[63] http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/15587159
[64] http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/13883417
[65] http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/6747916
[66] http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/4746720
[67] http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/7076733
[68] http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/7077079
[69] http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/9330670
[70] http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/4722612
[71] http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/4642559
[72] http://hdl.handle.net/10079/bibid/9726000